abstract：:Occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) may reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Trials comparing LAA occlusion to warfarin anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular AF showed a reduction in hemorrhagic stroke, although an increase in safety events due to procedural complication...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Don CW,Fuller CJ,Reisman M

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity remains complex and challenging. An integrative approach to grading MR is recommended. The use of multiple Doppler methods should be used to help discriminate between grades of severity. Importantly, MR severity should always be considered in the context of clinical dat...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Solis J,Piro V,Loughlin G,Vazquez de Prada JA

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A syncope evaluation should start by identifying potentially life-threatening causes, including valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and arrhythmias. Most patients who present with syncope, however, have the more benign vasovagal (reflex) syncope. A busy syncope practice often also sees patients with neurogenic o...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Nwazue VC,Raj SR

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of cardiovascular hospital admission; 1 in 4 patients with heart failure is readmitted within 30 days of being discharged, and ADHF consumes 1% to 2% of the total health care resources. The most effective approach for preventing heart failure hospitaliz...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Brown JR,Gottlieb SS

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive crises, which include hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, are frequently encountered in the emergency department, and require immediate attention as they can lead to irreversible end-organ damage. Normal blood pressure (BP) regulation is altered during acute rises in BP, leading to end-organ damage. M...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Johnson W,Nguyen ML,Patel R

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is not only uncommon but also catastrophic. Early aggressive resuscitation by well-trained health care providers improves the chances of successful outcomes for both the patient and her fetus. Significant physiologic changes that occur normally in pregnancy require several modifications to ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Farinelli CK,Hameed AB

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system that progress throughout gestation may unmask previously unrecognized heart disease and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Most of these changes are almost fully reversed in the weeks and months after delivery. Hemodynamic changes during pregnancy...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Ouzounian JG,Elkayam U

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Right ventricular (RV) failure is an increasingly common clinical problem that may require mechanical support. In contrast to severe left ventricular failure, RV failure is typically more reversible. Therefore, application of shorter-term percutaneous support devices is potentially attractive. Current innovations prom...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Goldstein JA,Kern MJ

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under normal baseline conditions the unique anatomy, myocardial ultrastructure, and coronary physiology of the right ventricle (RV) reflect a high-volume low-pressure pump. Early work described the RV as a passive conduit with minimal pumping capability. It is now appreciated that through a mechanism of ventricular in...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Dell'Italia LJ

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a promising noninvasive tool that allows the visualization of plaque morphology. Plaques characterized by positive remodeling, low attenuation, and napkin ring circular enhancement on contrast-enhanced coronary CTA have been regarded as rupture-prone vulnerable plaque...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Fujimoto S,Kondo T,Narula J

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical circulatory support using left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) has become an accepted mode of therapy for both bridging patients with end-stage heart failure to transplant and as a destination therapy. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is common after LVAD insertion and is a significant source of morbidi...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kaczorowski DJ,Woo YJ

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews some important aspects of driveline infection in patients under left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, including epidemiology, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, both medical and surgical. Focus is placed on prevention along every aspect of the process of LVAD therapy, as the author...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Pereda D,Conte JV

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surrogate endpoints are important for validation of mechanism, early proof of concept, and the rational design of clinical trials for regulatory approval of drugs. The recent failure of several drugs in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in atherosclerosis highlights the importance of understanding drug effect and ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Rajagopalan S,Mihai G

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evaluation and management of volume status in patients with heart failure is a challenge for most clinicians. In addition, such an evaluation is possible only during a personal clinician-patient interface. The ability to acquire hemodynamic data continuously with the help of implanted devices with remote monitorin...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Tallaj JA,Singla I,Bourge RC

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of individuals with diabetes die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related complications. The risk of CVD is 2 to 4 fold greater in diabetes and largely magnified by co-morbidities that aggregate along with it. Sufficient evidence-based data now exist to support multifactorial risk intervention with s...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Srikanth S,Deedwania P

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive heart disease (HHD), a result of long-standing hypertension, is characterized by changes in the myocardial structure and function in the absence of other primary cardiovascular abnormalities. Although increased blood pressure is the initiating stimulus, neurohormonal factors, particularly the renin-angiot...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Georgiopoulou VV,Kalogeropoulos AP,Raggi P,Butler J

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical physiology of primary hypertension. This article presents an overview of the physiology of normal blood pressure control and the pathophysiologic mechanisms that predispose individuals and populations to primary hypertension. The role o...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Singh M,Mensah GA,Bakris G

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart-kidney interactions have been increasingly recognized by clinicians and researchers who study and treat heart failure and kidney disease. A classification system has been developed to categorize the different manifestations of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Work has highlighted the significant negative prognosti...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Udani SM,Koyner JL

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the long-term durability of stent grafts is still a concern, stent-graft treatment is already the best option in a large number of patients with descending thoracic aortic diseases who are poor candidates for surgical repair, or in an acute setting. With improved capability to recognize proper anatomy and sel...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Fattori R

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of supporters of complete arch replacement in the surgery of acute type A aortic dissection has been steadily increasing as a result of cerebral perfusion techniques that enable the extension of safe circulatory arrest time. However, there is no agreement in the surgical community on an optimal surgical app...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Urbanski PP,Lenos A,Schmitt R,Diegeler A

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fundamental requirements for a meaningful biomarker have not been met in the prediction of the aneurysm trait, the progression of the aneurysm disease state, or the prevention of catastrophic aortic complications. Aortic aneurysm is a worthy opponent on all fronts, and clinicians should continue actively to evalua...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Farkas EA

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic total coronary occlusions (CTOs) are a frequent finding in patients with coronary disease and remain one of the most challenging target lesion subsets for intervention. CTOs have been reported in approximately one-third of patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. By nature of their complexity, CTO ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Galla JM,Whitlow PL

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac CT is an accurate and reasonable alternative modality for valvular imaging. It is used primarily for the evaluation of coronary artery disease; however, important information regarding valvular anatomy and function can be derived from CT. Calcification is a common CT finding in various valvular abnormalities a...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Gaztanaga J,Pizarro G,Sanz J

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the development of the first automated methods in the 1980s, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) has undergone substantial evolution from simplistic computer-assisted methods of visual interpretation of coronary angiograms to recently introduced three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative analysis ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Pantos I,Efstathopoulos EP,Katritsis DG

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantification of regional myocardial blood flow and of its responses to targeted physiologic and pharmacologic interventions, which is now available with positron emitting tracers of blood flow and positron emission tomography (PET), extends the diagnostic potential of standard myocardial perfusion imaging. These non...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Schelbert HR

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the wide range of implantable device-based therapies (mainly pacemakers) that are being used in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. The role of pacemakers in the management of patients with AF and in the prevention of AF has been extensively studied....

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kalahasty G,Ellenbogen K

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF), an escalating dysrhythmia, is accountable for extensive population morbidity and mortality. In the United States, approximately 2.3 million people are presently diagnosed with AF and it is estimated that this prevalence may increase to 5.6 million by 2050. Foremost predisposing risk factors f...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kannel WB,Benjamin EJ

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite tremendous progress made in the management of CHD, a significant number of fatal and nonfatal CHD events still occur, which leads researchers to target other modifiable risk factors for CHD including low HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Although the torcetrapib experience was a major blow to CETP ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Neeli H,Rader DJ

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival in patients who have left ventricular dysfunction; however, they are associated with numerous problems at implant and during follow-up. The diagnosis and management of these problems is usually straightforward, but more difficult problems may include the ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kowalski M,Huizar JF,Kaszala K,Wood MA

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because 1.1 million myocardial infarctions occur in the United States alone each year, and 450,000 of them are recurrent infarctions, which carry an inherently greater risk of death and disability than first events, the importance of secondary prevention strategies that can be implemented widely is unparalleled in hea...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Nagarakanti R,Sodhi S,Lee R,Ezekowitz M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years many guidelines on the treatment of specific medical conditions have been published with the goal of advising physicians, promoting good clinical care, and achieving a degree of equity and equality in the delivery of care. Differences exist between European and American guidelines for the management of...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Poole-Wilson PA

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Swan-Ganz catheter was developed 35 to 40 years ago for intensive and cardiac care units to allow bedside placement and continuous monitoring and recording of right-sided heart, pulmonary artery, and wedge pressures and reasonably accurate determinations of cardiac output. Considerations for the clinical applicati...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Leier CV

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Athletes with syncope warrant a full evaluation, as it is possible that athletics may unmask heart disease, either structural or electrical, and these athletes may be at risk for sudden cardiac death. The work-up and treatment of syncope in the athlete offers some unique challenges: to diagnose potentially life-threat...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Link MS,Estes NA 3rd

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents an approach to real-time three-dimensional imaging of the tricuspid valve from three different views. This is followed by some representative cases that illustrate these views and some unique tricuspid valve abnormalities, including one case of corrected transposition. ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Ahlgrim AA,Nanda NC,Berther E,Gill EA

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With recent technical and clinical advances, adenosine stress perfusion MRI has evolved from a promising research tool to an everyday clinical test. This article reviews the current state of stress perfusion MRI. Specifically, it addresses the following topics: validation of stress perfusion MRI in preclinical studies...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kim HW,Klem I,Kim RJ

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of heart catheterization continues to evolve as the sophistication of cardiac MRI and CT improves and the breadth of interventional catheter techniques widens. This analysis is approached from four perspectives: (1) planning of the procedure, including information required, potential pitfalls, and equipment; ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： McLaughlin P,Benson L,Horlick E

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) has long been considered problematic or even almost impossible. Many proposed ECG markers in the old literature have now been discarded. However, the advent of reperfusion therapy has generated greater i...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Barold SS,Herweg B

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions represents a challenging area in interventional cardiology, but recent advances in percutaneous coronary interventions have led to a dramatic increase in the number of patients successfully treated percutaneously. When compared with nonbifurcation interventions, bifurcation in...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Sharma SK,Kini AS

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients who have chest pain following the use of cocaine have become more common in emergency departments throughout the United States,with approximately 6% of these patients sustaining an acute MI. The authors have described the rationale for recommending aspirin, benzodiaze-pines, and nitroglycerin as first-line tr...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Hollander JE,Henry TD

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chest pain units are now established centers for assessment of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. Accelerated diagnostic protocols, of which treadmill testing is a key component, have been developed within these units for efficient evaluation o...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Amsterdam EA,Kirk JD,Diercks DB,Lewis WR,Turnipseed SD

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00